Omega Speedmaster: From Racing Chronograph to Moonwatch
Omega introduced the Speedmaster in 1957 as a sports and racing chronograph. A few years later, NASA tested a range of watches to destruction for its astronauts, and the Speedmaster was the one that passed. In July 1969 it was worn on the surface of the Moon. Few watches carry a story like it, and vintage Speedmasters are among the most collected chronographs in the world.
From track to space
The first Speedmaster had a steel bezel engraved with a tachymeter scale, a feature then unusual, and broad arrow hands. Later references introduced the black bezel and the slim baton hands of the classic design. After NASA's qualification in 1965, the Speedmaster flew on Gemini and Apollo missions, and Omega began to call it the Moonwatch.
Calibres
- Calibre 321. A column-wheel chronograph movement used from the beginning until the late 1960s, and the movement of the watches that went to the Moon. Omega has since revived it in small numbers.
- Calibre 861. A cam-lever movement introduced in 1968, simpler to produce and service.
- Calibre 1861. A refinement of the 861, used for decades.
- Calibre 3861. Introduced in 2021, with a co-axial escapement and modern certification.
References to know
Early references such as the 2915, 2998, 105.003, 105.012 and 145.012 are the most collected, each with its own details of case, bezel and dial. Watches from the transition between calibres, and those with documented history, attract particular attention. Limited editions, including models honouring the Snoopy award NASA gives to its staff, form their own collecting field.
What collectors examine
- Dial. Original dials with matching luminous material are preferred. Many were replaced during service.
- Bezel. Details of the tachymeter scale help date a bezel and show whether it belongs to the watch.
- Hands. Service replacement hands lower value on vintage examples.
- Case. Sharp, unpolished edges indicate a well-kept watch.
- Movement. The calibre must match the reference, and the serial number should fit the period.
Papers and service
Original boxes, papers and service records add value. For vintage watches, an extract from Omega's archives can confirm the date of production and the market to which it was delivered. Our guide to full sets explains why completeness matters, and our guide to buying watches from Japan covers originality and service.